Work Panel

Wednesday, 17 April 2013

Center-State Relationship:India

However,the Indian constitution does not introduce the term 'center' (in mathematics,we know the 'center' as a point which draws a perimeter around it) ,rather it is used by Indian Citizen.
Actually,Indian Constitution has used 'federal' word ,which means 'union of states' instead of 'center'.

There are three kinds of relations between center and state as legislative,administrative and financial relations respectively.

As per subjects,declared in union,state and concurrent list the differentiation of duties splits.

Current Account Deficit

Occurs when a country's total imports of goods, services and transfers is greater than the country's total export of goods, services and transfers. This situation makes a country a net debtor to the rest of the world.

Fiscal Deficit

When a government's total expenditures exceed the revenue that it generates (excluding money from borrowings). Deficit differs from debt, which is an accumulation of yearly deficits.

ph-IMPORTANCE

Monday, 15 April 2013

NCERT-CLASS10-SCIENCE

Are plants and animals pH sensitive?
Our body works within the pH range of 7.0 to 7.8. Living organisms can
survive only in a narrow range of pH change. When pH of rain water is
less than 5.6, it is called acid rain. When acid rain flows into the rivers, it
lowers the pH of the river water. The survival of aquatic life in such rivers
becomes difficult.
pH in our digestive system
It is very interesting to note that our stomach produces hydrochloric
acid. It helps in the digestion of food without harming the stomach.
During indigestion the stomach produces too much acid and this causes
pain and irritation. To get rid of this pain, people use bases called
antacids. One such remedy must have been suggested by you at the
beginning of this Chapter. These antacids neutralise the excess acid.
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesia), a mild base, is often used for
this purpose.
pH change as the cause of tooth decay
Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5. Tooth
enamel, made up of calcium phosphate is the hardest substance in the
body. It does not dissolve in water, but is corroded when the pH in the
mouth is below 5.5. Bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by
degradation of sugar and food particles remaining in the mouth after
eating. The best way to prevent this is to clean the mouth after eating
food. Using toothpastes, which are generally basic, for cleaning the teeth
can neutralise the excess acid and prevent tooth decay.
Self defence by animals and plants through chemical warfare
Have you ever been stung by a honey-bee? Bee-sting leaves an acid
which causes pain and irritation. Use of a mild base like baking soda
on the stung area gives relief. Stinging hair of nettle leaves inject
methanoic acid causing burning pain.

Timeline chart on the national movement 1870s-1947s

Sunday, 14 April 2013

1885	The first meeting of the Indian National Congress, Bombay
1905	The first partition of Bengal
1906	Formation of the Muslim League
1920	Mahatma Gandhi leads the Congress; Non-cooperation Movement
1922	Civil Disobedience Movement
1928	Simon Commission comes to India: Boycott by all parties
1929	Lord Irwin promises Dominion Status for India
1930	Civil Disobedience Movement continues; Salt Satyagraha: Gandhi's Dandi March; First Round Table Conference
1931	Second Round Table Conference; Irwin-Gandhi Pact
1932	Third Round Table Conference
1934	Civil Disobedience Movement ends
1935	The Government of India Act receives Royal Assent
22 Dec	Observed as 'Deliverance Day' from Congress rule by the Muslim League.
1940	Lahore Resolution of the Muslim League demands for a separate state for the Muslims of India
1942	Subhas Chandra Bose forms the Indian National Army
30 Mar 1942	Cripps proposals published
8-9 Aug 1942	Congress launches 'Quit India movement' and is declared an unlawful organisation; Gandhi and all members of the Congress Working Commmittee are arrested
1945	First trial of the Indian National Army men opened
Dec-Jan 1945	General Elections in India
1946
23 Mar-29 Jun	Cabinet Mission visits India
29 Jul	Muslim League passes resolutions retracting its acceptance of the Cabinet Mission plan and calling upon Muslims to observe 16 August as 'Direct Action Day'
16 Aug	'Direct Action Day'
1947
24 March	Mountbatten sworn in as Viceroy and governor-General
3 June	Mountbatten, Nehru, Jinnah and Baldev Singh give a broadcast on the Plan over All India Radio
4 July	Indian Independence Bill is published
9 July	Mountbatten advises Attlee of his decision to accept the Governor-Generalship of India
18 July	Indian Independence Bill receives Royal Assent
11 August	Jinnah elected President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
14 - 15 August midnight	Power transferred
15 August	Jinnah sworn in as Governor-General of Pakistan; Mountbatten sworn in as Governor-General of India; Independence Day Celebrations in Delhi
Source:http://www.meritnation.com/

Appreciation Courses for Probationers of All India and Central Services and Government Officials

Friday, 12 April 2013

Appreciation Courses for Probationers of All India and Central Services and Government Officials

In a parliamentary system of governance, the Executive, represented by the permanent Civil Service, plays a major role in carrying out various policies and programmes that are approved by Parliament. The Civil Service and Officers of the Government have to be accountable to the Parliament at all points of time insofar as the implementation of the policies, projects and programmes approved by Parliament is concerned. They have to assist and brief the Ministers in answering Questions in Parliament and also in replying to discussions in the House. At various times, they may also have to appear before Parliamentary Committees to apprise the members of action taken in respect of specific governmental activities, give evidence, explain omissions and commissions, if any, etc. That being so, it is necessary that officers who are part of the permanent Executive have a sound understanding of the pre-eminent role of Parliament in our democratic set-up. With this in mind, the Bureau regularly organizes Appreciation Courses in Parliamentary Practices, Processes and Procedures for Probationers of All-India and Central Services and for middle- and senior-level officials of the Government of India.

The Appreciation Courses are intended to provide to the participants a direct exposure to the environment, culture and traditions of parliamentary institutions, so as to enable them to appreciate better the nature of their role and place in the overall context of our parliamentary system, leading to a more informed response on their work in relation to Parliament. The Appreciation Courses also seek to provide the participants an insight into the constitutional position of Parliament in relation to the other organs of State, proper perspective on the pivotal role that Parliament plays in our democratic set-up, the multifunctional role of Parliament as a law-making body, the institution which secures Executive accountability to the elected representatives, etc. The interactive sessions with senior parliamentarians also extend a rare opportunity to the participants to benefit from their experience and get to know their expectations of the Civil Service while working in the various governmental agencies as policy makers or administrators. The grass-root experience of the Members of Parliament stands to help the officers to understand various issues from a parliamentary perspective.

These week-long Appreciation Courses broadly cover a series of structured lectures, discussions and Question-Answer sessions and interactive meetings involving eminent parliamentarians, Chairmen of Parliamentary Committees, senior parliamentary and Government officials, experts and others. Meetings with dignitaries in the Capital and informal get-togethers of participants and the Faculty members are other features of such Courses. Scripts or synopses of the Lectures are made available to the participants in advance so as to make the discussion sessions more interactive and participatory. The participants are also taken to witness the proceedings of both the Houses of Parliament, if they are in Session, besides the Parliament Museum.

Parent institutions may write to the BPST at least two months in advance seeking specific dates for their officers/probationers. They may also furnish full particulars of all participants and accompanying officers. Arrangements in respect of journey to Delhi, local transport, and boarding and lodging will have to be made by the sponsoring institutions.

source: http://164.100.47.210/bpstnew/appcources.aspx

Sexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction completes in three phases,namely as i)meiosis, ii) fusion and, iii)mitosis.

In the very first phase,meiosis

Ornamental plants

Thursday, 11 April 2013

Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display. The cultivation of these, called floriculture, forms a major branch of horticulture.